The theory of observation Logico-historical philosophy of as a transformative theory of sciences

  Innovation and evolution in sciences needs to its own logical methodology. This paper, considering the necessity of evolution in sciences, has intended to establish a theory called the theory of observation. It would be counted as a model for the philosophies of with a logico-historical approach. Following the purpose, the author has explained technical terms such as research method, theory, approach, attitude, project, scientific field, reality, logical approach, historical approach, the philosophy of sciences, the philosophy of reality, first degree knowledge, second degree knowledge and nature of philosophy. He, then, has described the philosophies of in detail and declared the necessity for establishing a logico-historical philosophy of. Key words: theory, observation, philosophy of, first degree, second degree, historical approach, logical approach, reality, sciences.